• Organisms can adapt to increasing ROS production by up

  2021-10-11

  

  Organisms can adapt to increasing ROS production by up-regulating antioxidant defences, such as the activities of antioxidant enzymes (Livingstone, 2003). Failure of antioxidant defences to detoxify excess ROS production can lead to significant oxidative damage including enzyme inactivation, protein

• Transcriptional translational modulators The discovery that

  2021-10-11

  

  Transcriptional/translational modulators. The discovery that β-lactam antibiotics like ceftriaxone enhance the in vivo expression of EAAT2/GLT-1 [31] has pioneered a completely new approach to EAAT modulation, with several additional EAAT activators following in its trail (Figure 2b) [32, 33, 34•, 3

• We confirmed a decrease in extracellular glutamate uptake

  2021-10-11

  

  We confirmed a decrease in extracellular glutamate uptake and the presence of efflux in an endothelial cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which effectively simulates the inefficient energy supply after brain injury [15], and analysed the function of endothelial EAATs and explored the ro

• Due to its unusually long

  2021-10-11

  

  Due to its unusually long pre-implantation period [20,21], the horse conceptus is entirely dependent on histotrophic nutrition for the first 40 days of gestation [22]. During the pre-implantation period, glucose transporters in the endometrium and conceptus membranes must deliver the glucose require

• A significant contribution to the discovery

  2021-10-11

  

  A significant contribution to the discovery of novel Hh inhibitors is given by natural compounds [11,17,22,31,32]. The first Hh inhibitor ever discovered has been Cyclopamine, a steroidal alkaloid isolated from plants of the Veratrum species [13,33]. Subsequently, many natural compounds belonging t

• The original Bee Synch methodology now

  2021-10-11

  

  The original Bee Synch methodology (now termed Bee Synch I) utilizes a 5-day CIDR, GnRH (GnRH-1) and PGF on day 0, double dose of PGF on day 5, and FTAI with GnRH (GnRH-2) at 66 h after CIDR removal. Cruppe et al. (2014) reported that the inclusion of GnRH on day 0 does not contribute appreciably to

• A mutation in stearoyl coenzyme

  2021-10-09

  

  A mutation in stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 gene was reported to reduce sebum production and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) synthesis in mice, which was accompanied with impaired clearance of gram-positive bacteria-induced skin infection (Georgel et al., 2005). Interestingly, gram-positive ba

• Conclusions br Author information The obtained models

  2021-10-09

  

  Conclusions Author information The obtained models of complexes of FPR2 with most of the described compounds are freely available at the author’s web site: http://www.biomodellab.eu/models/. Acknowledgements This work was partly done at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Compu

• Reports described a range of synthetic GPR agonists with des

  2021-10-09

  

  Reports described a range of synthetic GPR40 agonists with desirable safety and efficacy profiles, compared with existing antidiabetic therapies such as insulin and sulfonylureas [[20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28]]. Among them, several small molecules were tested in the clinical t

• Fas ligand FasL the natural ligand of

  2021-10-09

  

  Fas ligand (FasL), the natural ligand of Fas, can interact with Fas and thus induce cell apoptosis through the cascade of death signal in various cell types [8]. Additionally, Fas, which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily and death receptor family, is one kind of tra

• Acetylation of histones by histone

  2021-10-09

  

  Acetylation of histones by histone acetyltransferases stimulates gene expression by relaxing Phos-tag australia structure, allowing access of transcription factors to DNA, whereas deacetylation of histones by histone deacetylases promotes chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression. Recen

• In the Hedgehog signaling pathway cholesterol is required to

  2021-10-09

  

  In the Hedgehog signaling pathway, cholesterol is required to activate SMO (Cooper et al., 2003), the downstream target of PTCH1. A previous study (Bidet et al., 2011) reported that Patched expression in yeast VRT752271 synthesis increased extrusion of a fluorescent boron dipyromethanene sterol deri

• Dryocrassin ABBA receptor In the course of studies leading t

  2021-10-09

  

  In the course of studies leading to the discovery of , modifications at the P3-P4 interface of these tripeptide-based inhibitors were examined with the goal of improving potency while maintaining a PK profile similar to . In this report, we summarize those studies which led to the identification of

• The Scribble complex localizes to

  2021-10-09

  

  The Scribble complex localizes to the leading edge in response to integrin engagement. There, Scribble controls the activation Rac and PAK via the Rac GEF β-Pix (Bahri et al., 2010), which is required for collective cell migration (Omelchenko et al., 2014). However, on the rear edge, Scribble can be

• Until now unfortunately no safe effective vaccine against HI

  2021-10-09

  

  Until now, unfortunately, no safe, effective vaccine against HIV-1/AIDS has been found [16], [17]. Therefore, the development of safe, effective vaccines is a top priority in HIV/AIDS research field. Accordingly, to investigate the interactions between HIV vaccines or inhibitors and their correspond

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